Why History Repeats Itself in Eastern DR Congo
نویسنده
چکیده
Observers of ten agree that ‘history repeats itself ’[1] in Eastern Congo – f rom the slavery condit ions imposed by Belgian King Leopold over Mobutu’s predatory state, to today’s armed milit ias. The reason why these ghosts come haunt ing Congo’s present is primarily related to unending compet it ion over the ‘right to protect ’ unfree populat ions; under the circumstances, this protect ion rather refers to a double-edged commodity that means extort ion for most and a negot iated form of peace for some. The existence of such regionalized markets for protect ion in Congo’s eastern borderlands results in a situat ion whereby violent accumulat ion often out lives ideal statehood: soldiers, armed rebels, police and ‘non-state’ authorit ies f ight for the right to exploit local communit ies and accumulate capital through extra-economic means. One the one hand, this pushes people further into poverty and undermines their ef forts to earn a living; on the other, it leads to more stat ionary forms of predat ion as a result of postwar integrat ion of such protect ion rackets into nat ional state government.
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The idea of ‘history repeats itself’ in the interpretive thought of Allameh Tabatabai with the focus on verse 214 of Baqarah
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